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A coefficient of selection, s, indicates the selective advantage or disadvantage of a given phenotype with respect to another of reference.
Negative selection against the mutation will largely override the effect of genetic drift if 2Nes>10, where Ne is effective population size (an estimate of the number of breeders), and s is the coefficient of selection defined above [18].
The coefficient of selection can therefore vary in time.
The total severity coefficient of selection during two years amounted to about 1 2percentt.
We obtained an estimation of about 2% for the coefficient of selection independently of the deme size considered.
Assuming multiplicative effects on fitness and a constant coefficient of selection, the fitness of a genome homozygous for n mutations will be: where w = (1 - s).
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The second column presents the estimated coefficients of selection Eq. (6) on joining cooperatives whereas the fourth and sixth column presents the consumption expenditure for households that are and are not members of agricultural cooperatives.
The advantage needed to be hereditary, but there were no obvious genes for 'adaptive advantage', even though coefficients of selection for given alleles were used even in the earliest literature of the Modern Synthesis (Provine 2001).
The level of inbreeding at each generation was based on the average pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients of selection candidates, using g1001 as the founder generation.
We then estimated linear and quadratic coefficients of selection using linear regressions of relative fitness on standardized development indices and visualized the pattern of selection using the derived models (Lande and Arnold 1983; Stinchcombe et al. 2008).
A I with frequencies x1,..., x I, and fitnesses 1, 1-s2,... 1-s I, where s i are coefficients of selection (without loss of generality, the fitness of one of the alleles can be assumed to be 1).
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