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One possible explanation concerns the coefficient of relationship (the number of genes on the average shared in common) among the individuals of a colony.
A drone, on the other hand, has a coefficient of relationship with one of his sterile sisters of only one-fourth, but retains a relationship of one-half with his mother and daughters (future sterile workers).
We also compare the fragments in the kin network with respect to the average coefficient of relationship.
To characterize the kin network we use the information on the assumed genetic relatedness or coefficient of relationship (r) that is attributed to each type of kinship.
An organism's inclusive fitness is defined as its personal fitness, plus the sum of its weighted effects on the fitness of every other organism in the population, the weights determined by the coefficient of relationship r.
The coefficient of relationship is defined as the probability that two individuals share an allele due to having descended from a common ancestor, such that (r=100%) for identical twins, and (r=0) for unrelated individuals [26, 27].
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Similarly, we generated a coefficient of relationships for each programming language for follow-relationships with developers of the same programming language and follow-relationships from one programming language to others.
Overall, a product moment correlation of 0.65 was observed between pedigree-based (A matrix) and SNP-based estimates of pair-wise coefficient of relationships.
The average pair-wise coefficient of relationships among all study individuals, obtained from the A and G matrices, were 0.36 and 0.50 respectively, reflecting that there are many more relationships not captured by the known pedigree records.
The coefficients of relationship are indicated inside the brackets.
Contrary to what is sometimes thought, kin selection does not require that animals must have the ability to discriminate relatives from non-relatives, less still to calculate coefficients of relationship.
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