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The experimental diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in steel at premelting temperature is the same as in the liquid phase.
But, a thicker nitrided layer is required in several applications and this requirement can be achieved by increasing the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen.
In the case of high-carbon low alloy steel, the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen obtained by PIII is higher than that obtained by glow-discharge plasma nitriding.
Kinetics analysis found that the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen in PON is much higher, and the activation energy for nitrogen atoms diffusion is reduced from 227.25 kJ/mol to 138.57 kJ/mol in PON.
The diffusion coefficient of nitrogen molecules in water at room temperature is (D(N_2)=2.0 times 10^{-5},mathrm{cm}^2/mathrm{s}) [5], and for oxygen molecules this value is (D(O_2)=2.4 times 10^{-5},mathrm{cm}^2/mathrm{s}) [5].
The temperature of the substrate has strong influence on the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen ions during plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) performed in metallic surfaces, which affect the ion implantation profiles and can lead to the formation of thick implanted layers.
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Calculated diffusion coefficients of nitrogen were very low compared to the data for alpha iron, and allow calculation of the Arrhenius behaviour during the process.
The effective diffusion coefficients of nitrogen and aluminum were determined for both regions and found to be 2.4 × 10−5 and 9.2 × 10−6 cm2/s in the near- and far-surface regions for nitrogen, respectively, and 1.2 × 10−5 and 1.3 × 10−6 cm2/s in the near- and far-surface regions for aluminum, respectively.
Sigmund correlation for molecular diffusion (Sigmund 1976) is used with a diffusion coefficient for nitrogen of 0.001 cm2/s, which is taken from the literature (Silva and Belery 1989) and validated with the Chapman-Enskog binary-diffusion theory (Marrero and Mason 1972).
The gas permeation property of the film of 3c was investigated with oxygen permeability coefficient (PO2= 3.99) and permeability selectivity coefficient of oxygen to nitrogen (PO2/PN2= 5.27).
The results indicated that the coefficient of price elasticity of nitrogen fertilizer demand is -0.21, which instructed that the market demand is in lack of elasticity in the short period and the impact of nitrogen fertilizer manufacturers is subtle.
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