Sentence examples for coefficient of mutations from inspiring English sources

To achieve this, we use computer simulations to generate populations at the mutation-selection-drift balance for different values of the deleterious effect and dominance coefficient of mutations as well as for different genome lengths.

They are globally under less selective constraints than Mendelian-disease genes, and the selection coefficient of mutations associated with complex disease risk is smaller than for Mendelian mutations (Blekhman et al. 2008).

Thus, to evaluate differences in selection strength between treatments, we first compared the average selection coefficient of mutations by dividing the relative fitness by the average number of mutations per genome, which was weighted by the frequency of genotypes with each particular number of mutations (see Methods).

The neutrality plot reveals the results of "equilibrium coefficient" of mutation and selection.

The signed selection coefficient of mutation i was expressed as s i = W i / W0 - 1, where W i is the fitness of the ith mutant and W0 the fitness of the non-mutated organism.

Estimation of the distribution of selection coefficients of mutations is a long-standing issue in molecular evolution.

More formally, selection coefficients of mutations exposed by stress are much larger than the reciprocal of the effective population sizes typical for most habitats, both wild and domesticated.

For example, clonal interference places a constraint on the speed of adaptive evolution (De Visser et al. 1999) and it affects the magnitude of selection coefficients of mutations escaping genetic drift (Perfeito et al. 2007).

It is worthwhile noting that this bias has no effect on the shape of the distribution and on the coefficient of variation of selection coefficients of mutations originating from a given genotype, an important parameter relating to the effective number of phenotypic traits under selection and to the 'cost of complexity' for adaptation [ 9, 34].

Recent theory suggests that behavioral interaction effects may strongly increase the selection coefficients of mutations influencing interaction traits; this increase in selection coefficients is in theory proportional to the number of interactions among individuals and is expected to be greater in larger colonies.

As a measure of selection strength, we estimated the mean selection coefficient (S) of mutations from each endpoint population as follows: [∑(relW k × n i ) j ]/ N k, where n is the frequency of mutation i, N is the total number of unique mutations, k denotes the endpoint population, and j is the summation set from 1 to j.