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To test if 'cluster-specific' residues are functionally divergent we estimated the coefficient of functional divergence, which measures the difference in evolutionary rate at amino acid sites between gene clusters.
Our results showed that the different evolutionary rates at some important amino acid residues contributed to the evolution of grape subtilases, which might have acquired some group-specific functions.> -wrap-foot> θ is the coefficient of functional divergence.
We also provide evidence that each FFRP has significantly functionally diverged at the protein sequence level, and in subsequent sections we will explore the implications of this sequence level divergence on the function of each FFRP.> -wrap-foot> Upper triangle contains pairwise coefficient of functional divergence (θij) between FFRP i and j and the standard error (SE).
Group comparison revealed that the average clustering coefficient of functional connectivity network in migraineurs significantly increased compared with controls in the slow wave (0.1 1 Hz) (p = 0.005) and theta (4 8 Hz) bands (p = 0.003).
Maximum likelihood estimate for theta, the coefficient of functional divergence, was measured with the program DIVERGE (version 2.0) [31].
Estimation of the coefficient of functional divergence [31] (θ = 0.151) between vertebrate STIM-1 and -2 provides evidence for the hypothesis that these two vertebrate STIM branches (Fig. S1) underwent distinct evolutionary constraints and structural diversification.
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The coefficients of functional divergence between pairs of CatSper1-4 groups were estimated to be significant, ranging from 0.336±0.092 (CatSper3 vs. CatSper4) to 0.536±0.116 (CatSper2 vs. CatSper4) (Table S7).
Coefficients of functional divergence, an indicator for the level of type I functional divergence among two homologous gene clusters, were calculated by DIVERGE with null hypothesis θ = 0.
Coefficients of functional divergence that are significantly greater than 0 indicate site-specific altered selective constraints or radical shifts of amino acid physiochemical properties after gene duplication.
The coefficients of functional divergence between gene clusters are calculated by Model-Free Estimation (MFE) and Maximum-Likelihood Estimation under two-state model (MLE).
In addition, we also deduced that a lesser degree of functional divergence occurred within EXPA/EXPB and EXPB/EXLB based on the coefficients of functional divergence and the number of identified CAASs.
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