The coefficient of Competition is insignificant in all variations of the fixed effects model.
The significant negative coefficient of Competition underlines that higher the number of firms per worker in 1997, lower the RECI growth.
(1) where (a_{ii}) is the intraspecific competition coefficient, while (a_{ij}) ((ineq j), (i,j=1,2)) is the interspecific competition coefficient.
As can be seen from the estimated coefficient of the competition dummy, male workers' wages are 1.1 log points lower in plants facing strong product market competition, which is statistically insignificant at conventional levels.
p is the intra-specific competition coefficient of the prey.
Note that May [2] revealed the fact that due to environmental noises, the birth rate, carrying capacity, competition coefficient and other parameters involved in the system exhibit random fluctuation to a greater or lesser extent.
In the model (1), u and v represent the densities of the prey and predator respectively, the constants d, s and c refer to the predator death rate, the inter-specific competition coefficient and the conversion rate of the prey to the predator, and g ( u ) represents the growth rate of the prey in the absence of the predator.
This parameter determines the shape of the competition coefficient: concave, linear, or convex, when ui≃uj.
αij is the competition coefficient, which is a function of the difference in the resource utilization trait, u, between two individual consumers or between consumer species.
A low similarity coefficient means that competition is reduced, because the extent to which the strains are interacting is lower than when strains are very similar.
