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V1 neurons are traditionally characterized as specialized for the coding of orientation or contrast (Hubel and Wiesel 1962; Albrecht and Hamilton 1982), whereas the demonstration of attentional effects in area V1 is of a more recent date (Motter 1994; Roelfsema et al. 1998; Vidyasagar 1998; Roberts et al. 2007).
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However, the majority of studies focussed on either behavioural responses or physiological mechanism of olfactory suppression, and few combined different approaches to finely elucidate the effect of olfactory coding on orientation and ecology [ 53, 54].
Altogether, these findings indicate that coding of spatial orientations in 3-D was evidenced within rIOβ from P21 onwards.
This is corroborated by postnatal increase in the amplitude of glutamate receptor-mediated postsynaptic current in these neurons, implying that developmental fine tuning of glutamatergic transmission along the vestibulo-olivary circuit enables coding of 3-D orientations.
These regions might also code for orientation in space and the preparation of motor action [42].
In this study, the left ventricular three-wall movements were studied using a compressive color code that characterizes the integration of orientation and intensity of the velocity vector at each voxel.
In early visual areas, the coding of basic features like orientations and colors is robust, and information about these stimulus properties is present as soon as the neurons are activated by the appropriate visual stimulus (Celebrini et al. 1993).
It has the advantage of retaining the coding strand orientation information and it would be suitable for quantitative analysis as shown by the consistency of gene expression patterns.
This repetitive BLAST process was continued such that the seed sequence was extended 25 kb in both the 5' and 3' direction relative to the coding orientation of the seed.
Finally, computational maps [8] of orientation selectivity, directional sensitivity, or colour coding can further complicate the cortical mappings (e.g. [9] [15]).
The chromosomal locations, length of the coding sequences, gene orientation and exon-intron organization informations were obtained from the chickpea genome webpages [ 13, 14].
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