Unfortunately, codifying problem formulation prevented it from evolving to keep pace with scientific advancements.
(The French codified this problem years ago by throwing each camp a bone. For years it was understood that conservative historians got the ancien régime, the communists the Revolution, and the socialists everything thereafter). But Anthony the pro-lifer hails from a different land, the treacherous province of cutting and pasting, of history plucked from both text and time.
Various human factors are codified, too, including "problems in relationship with in-laws," "sibling rivalry," "rough housing and horseplay," and "hostility towards and scapegoating of child".
Tacit knowledge has thus remained crucial, but it has become complementary to a codified knowledge base and concerns problem solving heuristic, interpretation of data, etc.
To remedy these problems, the FSIA codified the restrictive principle and transferred primary responsibility for immunity determinations to the Judicial Branch.
A major contribution to the field of problem solving was made by Polya (1957), who codified four stages of the process: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back.
If the problem Rein identified is codified segregation at the polls, enabled by the laws and officials that specifically and explicitly bar black people from voting, then of course he is right.
In bioinformatics, solutions to some common tasks and problems often have been codified and made open-source.
As regulatory requirements for risk assessment became codified, so too did the rudiments of problem formulation.
This poses a problem since discrimination is no longer codified into law i.e. Jim Crow, but is seen in more nuanced way, for example Welfare Reform disproportionately affected women of color".
