Sparse coding of sound and speech [15 18] is also proved to be useful for auditory modeling and speech separation, providing a potential way for robust speech feature extraction.
As described in Section 3.1, the cochlear power feature can be considered as neuron response in the inner hair cells, and hair cells have receptive fields which refer to a coding of sound frequency.
This indicates that the neuronal code of sound source location implemented by the human auditory cortex is similar to that previously found in other primates.
Coding of sound location in auditory cortex (AC) is only partially understood.
The increase in sound level required to reach half maximal firing rate during deactivation indicated that CoIC rescaling improved supra-threshold coding of sound level (Friedman repeated measures ANOVA on ranks: χ(2) = 12.72; p = 0.001).
This is the inflection point at which the inputs from the contralateral ear dominate the inputs from the ipsilateral ear and is thought to have a role in population coding of sound location in IC (Palmer & Kuwada, 2005).
On clinical grounds, bvFTD and SD were predicted to have the most marked derangements of emotional salience processing, yet patients with AD here showed abnormal affective coding of sounds: this may constitute a marker of heightened behavioral sensitivity to emotional stimuli underpinned by relative enhancement of salience network activity, recently proposed as a hallmark of AD [8], [14].
In conclusion, the combination of findings from genetic research and highly sensitive neurophysiologic recordings will help clarify both the mechanisms and the anatomical sites underlying the disruption of temporal coding of sounds in auditory nerve fibers that is typical of AN.
Whether the neural code for sound localization captures the reliability of auditory cues across contexts is unknown.
An alternative theory was proposed, in which ITD is coded not by the firing of individual cells, but by the relative summed activity of each hemisphere, a summation code for sound location (Stecker et al., 2005; Grothe et al., 2010).
An influential theory proposes that ITD is represented by the activity pattern of cells with heterogeneous tunings, a pattern code for sound location (Jeffress, 1948).
