The institutional proximity dimension refers to formal rules, codes of conduct, norms, and conventions that provide stability and basic level of trust.
These factors are generally regulated through governing formal and informal structures defined by codes of conduct, norms of behavior and conventions.
Hence, health system leadership need to establish formal (for example contracts, laws, regulations, and policies) and informal (including codes of conduct, norms of behaviour, and conventions) institutions [ 12] to enable different organizations to learn, adapt, and interact in ways that improve population health in an equitable and efficient manner.
Although the verdict is still out in the case, the issue of appropriate codes of conduct and behavior norms has been firmly resolved.
In addition to the genetic, physiological, and psychological factors that are thought to be involved in the evolution of cooperative behaviors in humans (reviewed in Bowles and Gintis 2003; Fehr and Fischbacher 2004; Nowak 2006), social sanctions (laws, religious codes of conducted, cultural norms, etc).
What a code of conduct would do is clarify specific norms and best practices.
An outer space code of conduct would codify and strengthen emerging norms such as those outlined in the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines, a set of best practices formulated by the world's major space agencies.
Whatever the specifics of a code of conduct or other agreements may be, developing norms and promoting a cooperative framework are in the U.S. interest.
By now, even the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct direct attention towards the implications of test norm obsolescence [14], [15].
The guiding principles of the Evaluation Function at UNICEF emanate from the decisions taken by the Executive Board which can be found in the UNICEF Evaluation Policy [PDF], Synthesis Report on the Evaluation Policy and Function [PDF] from the United Nations Evaluation Group UNEGG) Norms and Standards [PDF], Principles and Code of Conduct for Evaluation [PDF].
And in September 2011, China, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan submitted a proposal for an "International Code of Conduct for Information Security" to the U.N. General Assembly, with the goal of establishing government-led "international norms and rules standardizing the behavior of countries concerning information and cyberspace".
