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Few cytotoxicity studies have investigated vitrification-relevant concentrations of CPAs, and the benefits and disadvantages of cocktail solutions and of incorporating non-permeating solutes have not been fully evaluated.
One microliter of the cocktail solutions per spot was transferred to a dry filter paper.
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Cocktail, cocktail, cocktail, cocktail......
Tissue vitrification using an 8.4 M cryoprotectant cocktail solution (VS55) was achieved in 1 ml samples by imposing a low (2.6 ± 0.1 °C/min) cooling rate, between −40 and −100 °C, and a low rewarming rate (62 ± 4 °C/min) between −100 and −40 °C.
Neutralized rat tail type I collagen (2 mg/mL, BD, Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was suspended in medium cocktail [DMEM, NaHCO3 (44 mmol/L), L-glutamine (4 mmol/L), Folic Acid (9 mmol/L), and neutralized with 1 N NaOH to pH 7.2]. 1 × 105 cells were suspended in 1 mL collagen and medium cocktail solution and plated on filter inserts.
The culture was initiated by inoculation of 2.8% of culture volume into the prepared culture medium containing 50 μg/mL of kanamycin (Sigma, St . Louis MO, USA), 7.6 g/L of trace metal cocktail solution, 15.8 g/L of glycerol (Sigma, St . Louis MO, USA) and 1% (v/v) P2000 antifoam (Alfa Aesar, Reston, VA, USA) solution.
Cells were collected and lysed in a lysis buffer (Cell Signaling) supplemented with 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and protease inhibitor cocktail solution (Sigma).
The cells (n = 3 sets; 1×106 cells/set) were lysed by sonification in 1× RIPA lysis buffer (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) with 10 µl PMSF solution, 10 µl sodium orthovanadate solution and 20 µl protease inhibitor cocktail solution.
To obtain whole protein lysates, cells were incubated with radio immune precipitation assay buffer (containing 100 µl/ml of a protease inhibitor cocktail solution [Roche, Penzberg, Germany]) and incubated on ice for 30 minutes.
Using protocol described [52], rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and brains were cut into frontal sections (40-µm thick), which were then incubated in a cocktail solution containing mouse anti-GluR2 antibody (1∶100; Chemicon) and sheep anti-TH antibody (1∶100; Chemicon) or rabbit anti-GAD65/67 anti-GAD65/6700; Chemicon) for 3 dantibody
supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail solution (Pierce Chemical Co .. Lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 13,000 g for 15 min at 4°C, and the protein content was determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Pierce Chemical Co .. 15 µg of protein per lane was separated on a NuPage 12% Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Invitrogen).
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