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They also emphasize the importance of analysing D2-autoreceptors signalling in non-perturbed recording configurations, as the cocaine effect is absent in whole cell recordings.
We first tested if the cocaine effect on D2-autoreceptors depended on unperturbed [Ca2+]i by buffering [Ca]i with 0.1 mM EGTA using whole cell dialysis (Fig. 4A and Supplementary Table 3).
Similar to 300 nM of the substantia nigra dopamine- and Parkinson's disease-protective L-type-Ca2+ channel-blocker isradipine, 10 µM DNIP completely abolished the cocaine effect on D2-autoreceptor responses in juvenile SN DA neurons.
Isradipine completely abolished the effect of in vivo cocaine treatment on D2-autoreceptor desensitization in juvenile SN DA neurons (Fig. 4B and F, and Supplementary Table 3), revealing a crucial role of these channels for the expression of the here described cocaine effect.
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The connection between cocaine and novelty/habituation may have substantial importance for understanding cocaine effects.
We found no cocaine effects on inhibitory control, working memory, or receptive language (p = 0.18).
In two experimental protocols, we measured the effects of cocaine on locomotor activity and grooming behavior, and subsequently tested whether these cocaine effects became conditioned to contextual cues.
The present study reports the development and psychometric properties of the Cocaine Effects Questionnaire (CEQ-P), designed specifically for use with patients in treatment for substance abuse.
On both occasions, the mean delay of onset of cocaine effects was 6.2±0.2 s.
Separating the cocaine actions in the CNS from peripheral tissue contributions can be beneficial in understanding complex cocaine effects.
The 6-s delay corresponds to the delay of onset of cocaine effects, as measured through direct observation (see below).
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