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These effects occur at cocaine concentrations usually present in plasma of consumers.
Even without the help of amplification or labeling, cocaine concentrations as low as 100 nM could be easily detected by the impedimetric aptasensor developed.
In human volunteers, plasma cocaine concentrations following intranasal administration of 1.5 mg/kg cocaine often range between 0.4 to 1.6 µM [26], while plasma cocaine concentrations in tolerant abusers, reach levels of up to 13 µM [27].
The choice of cocaine concentrations used in our experiments was based on those experienced by the human fetuses of cocaine-addicted mothers.
Based on these reports, we rationalized that cocaine concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM would be comparable to levels observed in humans.
Additionally, cocaine concentrations of up to 100 µM and higher have been reported in postmortem brains of chronic human cocaine users following acute intoxication [28].
Similar(47)
The interfacial electron transfer resistance (Ret) was found to depend strongly on the cocaine concentration.
A second experiment was designed to control for the effect of cocaine concentration in blood per unit of time.
Hairpin-C10 with ten base pairs was screened out and a lowest detectable cocaine concentration of 5 μM by colorimetry was obtained.
The CocH3-catalyzed cocaine benzoyl ester hydrolysis to EME was so efficient such that the measured maximum blood cocaine concentration (∼38 ng/ml) was significantly lower than the threshold blood cocaine concentration (∼72 ng/ml) required to produce any measurable physiological effects.
Under optimal conditions, the decreasing percentage of the electronic signal relative to background current increased with the increasing cocaine concentration in the dynamic range of 0.1 20 nM, and the detection limit was 32 pM.
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