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Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) UF membranes in water were exposed to gamma rays irradiation from 0 to 100 kGy using a cobalt source.
Colalt sulfide nanocrystals (NCs), including dandelion-like Co9S8 and sphere-like Co3S4, have been synthesized via a thermal decomposition approach using cobalt acetylacetonate as the cobalt source, 1-dodecanethiol as the sulfur source and oleic acid or oleylamine as the high boiling organic solvent.
In order to fabricate Co NPs, the electrolyte consisted of an aqueous solution of Cobalt sulphate heptahydrate (CoSO4·7H2O) as cobalt source and boric acid (H3BO3) as stabilizer.
The irradiations were performed with a cobalt source (60Co) at CEA (Fontenay aux Roses, France) at a mean energy of 1.25 MeV, a linear energy transfer (LET) of 0.2 keV/μm and a dose rate of 1 Gy/min.
Table 1 Characteristics of the electrolyte solutions employed for Ni and Co electrodeposition Electrolyte solution pH Compounds Concentration (g L−1) Function Ni 4.5 Nickel6H2O 300 Nickel source NiCl2·6H2O 45 Nickel source H3BO3 45 Stabilizer Co 3 Cobalt7H2O 400 Cobalt source H3BO3 45 Stabilizer.
Radiation dosimetry calculations and maintenance of the cobalt source are conducted by the Experimental Radiation Shared Service of the Arizona Cancer Center.
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The report says that Huayou Cobalt sources more than 40% of its cobalt from the DRC and processes the raw mineral before selling it to battery makers, who claim to supply companies including Apple, Microsoft and Vodafone.
To take advantage of the superior soft tissue contrast, MRI devices have been combined with Cobalt sources and MRI-guided linac systems are also in development (Oelfke 2015).
Freeport-McMoRan Inc. and Lundin agreed to sell to Chinese players their respective stakes in the Tenke Fungurume mine, one of the largest known cobalt sources, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
An Amnesty International report — created in partnership with Africa-focused NGO Afrewatch — delves into the world of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DC), which accounts for half of the world's cobalt sourcing, finding that children as young as seven are working in dangerous conditions for a mere dollar or two of income each day.
For years, stereotactic radiosurgery was achieved with multiple static or conformal arcs delivered by a linear accelerator, or with multiple highly collimated cobalt sources utilizing gamma knife radiosurgery.
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