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The mode diameters of the fine and coarse modes in the PM2.5 region were ∼0.1 and ∼0.8μm, respectively.
The model simulates aerosol component mass and number concentration (two-moment modal) in seven lognormal modes: hygroscopic nucleation, Aitken, accumulation, coarse, and non-hygroscopic Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes.
The two coarse modes represented from ∼5%to∼35%5% of the PM10, showing opposite seasonal trends (CM1 decreased while CM2 increased).
Although a great variability, the aerosol mass concentration showed a tri-modal distribution, with an accumulation mode (in the range 0.1 1.0 μm) and two coarse modes (CM1 in the range 1.0 3.0 μm, and CM2 in the range 3.0 10 μm).
The linear regression equations between AOD (at 0.67 μm wavelength) and extinction coefficient due to fine and coarse modes also reveal the relative contribution of the fine and coarse mode particles to the observed optical properties during different seasons in Kanpur.
Good correlation, with determination coefficients R2 larger than 0.93 were found between particle number concentrations measured by the two OPCs both in accumulation (0.28 0.90 μm for FAI and 0.29 0.90 μm for Grimm) and coarse modes (1.10 10 μm for FAI and 1.15 11.25 μm for Grimm).
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High Al concentrations in the coarse mode fractions suggest continental origin of these aerosols.
The coarse mode mass (derived by subtracting the PM2.5 aerosol mass from the PM10 mass) is largely dust at 76% ± 7% of the total coarse mode mass, but is significantly impacted by anthropogenic pollution, primarily sulfate and nitrate.
In addition to carbon, the coarse mode consists of refractory metals and also considerable amounts of alkali.
After the hot flame the coarse mode concentration decreased very little when the flue gas was cooled.
This indicates dominance of coarse mode aerosols in the forenoon as compared to that in the afternoon.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com