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Then, we analyze a process model of value co-creation consisting of four phases, i.e., co-experience, co-definition, co-elevation and co-development.
Second, at co-definition, the actors become aware of each other's capabilities and expectations related to value co-creation.
2. Social causes Co-definition What are the system-level behaviours and rules that direct the service ecosystem development?
That is, it was important to keep in mind that the autopoeitic nature of service ecosystems refers to a learning process, where balance and continuity between the four phases of value co-creation (co-experience, co-definition, co-elevation, co-development) is needed to genuinely build up a shared narrative for value co-creation.
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On a high level, our method consists of the following steps: Infer the entirety of all densely interconnected subgraphs whose genes are co-expressed (definitions see subsection "Densely Connected Biclustering: Problem Definition and Properties" below), DECOB algorithm, see subsection "DECOBRA: Algorithm" below.
The co-variance definition proceeds by asking the dual questions: (i) what is relativized?
This regulation involves a co-transcriptional definition of splice-sites, spliceosome assembly and splicing [12], [13].
Additional file 1: co-morbidity definitions.
Study co-morbidity definitions (specifically hypertension and nephropathy) were somewhat simplistic and data were not collected about acute illness and other co-morbidities that may affect screening and disease management.
The maximum differential connectivity by this differential co-expression definition is 2 (i.e +1 – –1) and + 1.1 can be seen as very substantial, even though the co-expression values in the two breeds could be seen as somewhat modest when taken in isolation.
Again by definition, co(S) ≥ co(S1) + co(S2), such that the new solution, which fulfills (6c) with equality, is optimal as well.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com