Further study and manipulation of T. saccharolyticum CCR should enable the engineering of strains that co-utilize mixed sugars to achieve increased metabolic yield and wider feedstock utilization.
The engineered yeast strain efficiently co-utilized glucose and xylose for fermentation, elevating ethanol yields.
The engineered strain also co-utilized cellobiose with mannose or galactose; however, it was unable to metabolize cellobiose in the presence of arabinose and glucose.
Overall, this study elucidates the biological pathway to co-utilize levoglucosan and cellobiosan, which will be a key transformation for the biological upgrading of pyrolysis-derived substrates.
In this study, we designed an in vitro 15-enzyme pathway that can co-utilize sucrose, glucose, and fructose in the anodic compartment of EFCs.
Microorganisms that can co-utilize glucose and xylose are of considerable interest to the biofuels industry due to their ability to simplify the fermentation processes.
Moreover, both hexuronates were co-utilized with glucose by the recombinant C. glutamicum strains developed here.
When present in mixtures with glucose, the recombinant C. glutamicum strains co-utilized D-galacturonate with glucose and D-glucuronate with glucose, respectively.
A hallmark of C. glutamicum is its ability to co-utilize various carbon sources when these are added as carbon source mixtures.
However, and contrary to C. thermocellum (Weimer and Zeikus 1977), cultures grown on glucose/cellobiose mixtures demonstrated that C. acetobutylicum was unable to co-utilize both substrates at the same time and glucose was consistently the preferred carbon source.
In most bacteria, LDH requires cofactor NADH, whereas NADPH is abundant in Synechosystis as mentioned before, and thus NADPH-dependent LDH may increase the lactate production, where this may be partly attained by introducing the LDH from B. subtilis, of which LDH co-utilizes NADH and NADPH [136,137] (Table 1).
