For substrate temperature calculations, we used nodes of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 200 cm for three different substrate types: soil, rock and sand (see Table 1 for respective substrate parameters).
The average intervals between two adjacent mapped markers were 1.11 cM, 2.91 cM and 0.95 cM for three maps, respectively.
The SDD for oedema measurement of approximately 1.0 1.5 cm for three planes highlights that very small differences may accurately reflect true variation in oedema in these planes.
In each location, our goal was to trap 20 individuals of each species by setting 320 Sherman folding live-traps (23 × 8 × 9 cm) for three consecutive nights.
Conidial suspensions for inoculation of bioreactor cultures were prepared by growing the A. niger laboratory strain N402 (cspA1 derivative of ATCC9029) [ 23] on solidified (1.5% agar) complete medium (CM) for three days at 30°C in the dark.
The NPRWs system was tested in a bench-scale sand medium (60 cm length × 40 cm width × 25 cm height) for three orientations of NPRWs (vertical, horizontal, and slanted with inclination angle of 45°).
On PND 26, animals were placed into plastic restraint tubes (15 cm length, 5 cm diameter) for three sessions of 30 min, separated by 30-min breaks in the home cage.
Tests were made on UIC 60 and SJ 50 tracks, with sleeper distance of 65 cm, for six speeds, from 130 to 250 km/h.
Experimental males were exposed to the perceived risk of sperm competition by placing them together with rival males in a small plastic box (7 cm×7 cm×5 cm) for one hour per day, over three consecutive days.
Each experimental mouse was introduced into a squared open field (54×54 cm) for two consecutive sessions of 2.5 min. During the first session (T1, "target cage empty") the open field contained an empty wire mesh target cage (10 cm diameter) located at one end of the field.
