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Therefore, animals of three strains of mice were additionally characterised regarding CMS effects on anxiety-related behaviour.
Nevertheless, the resilience of BL/6J mice against disturbing CMS effects on anxiety-related behaviour as shown by Mineur et al. [24] could be confirmed in our study.
CMS effects on intake of a 0.2% saccharin solution and body weight gain were assessed in different mouse strains as the vulnerability for stress-induced changes is supposed to be genetically determined.
Before being tested for CMS effects on sucrose consumption as described above, the BL/6N mice were characterised in their basal ( = non-stressed) behaviour in several paradigms (DaLi, elevated plus maze, open field, resident-intruder test), then following the CMS procedure for 4 weeks were re-tested in the above mentioned paradigms (plus FST) and subjected to additional 3 weeks of CMS.
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Catheter manipulation, intraluminal aortic pressure changes due to bolus injections, temperature changes and CM effects on the endothelium could result in significant stimulation of a richly innervated visceral/endoluminal sympathetic nervous system leading to bilateral renal vasoconstriction [31].
Wnt1 CM effects on ERK1/2 activity were blocked in T47D cells simultaneously treated with sFRP1.
Medullar hypoxia is therefore mainly caused by CM effects on the medullary vessels themselves, in particular, on the long and narrow vasa recta.
In the ex vivo macrophage differentiation studies, the extrapolation of the MDA-MB231 CM effects on macrophage differentiation to the clinical situation of triple-negative breast cancer patients should be made with care.
Two of these QTL that are located on OAR6 (OAR for Ovis aries chromosome) (peak at 88.1 cM) and OAR8 (peak at 2 cM) had an effect on LFEC (Fig. 1a), whereas the other QTL located on OAR22 (peak at 3.4 cM) had effects on IgAt (Fig. 1b).
Evaluation of secretion of proteins from cell lines into conditioned medium (CM) and effects on pSmad2C was performed using human activin A and follistatin quantikine ELISAs and the cell based phospho-Smad2/3 fluorescent ELISA, purchased from R&D systems (Oxford, UK).
In combination, these findings support the hypothesis that depression could cause CM onset through effects on central sensitization.
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