MBP adheres adjacent cytoplasmic faces of myelin together, neurofilament provides structural support for axons, AnkG clusters voltage-gated Na+ channels at nodes of Ranvier [ 21] and Caspr attaches paranodal myelin loops to the axons [ 22].
Ankyrin-G, a modular protein, plays a critical role in clustering voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav channels) in nodes of Ranvier and initial segments of mammalian neurons.
Since β-IV spectrin and ankyrin G are instrumental in clustering voltage-gated sodium channels along axons (24, 25), we investigated whether expression of β-III spectrin and ankyrin R affected sodium channel expression.
AnkG is in turn responsible for clustering voltage-gated sodium channels at the AIS, which underlies the mechanistic basis of action potential generation and propagation (Garrido et al., 2003; Kole et al., 2008) (see review by Rasband, 2010).
We show that sec63 mutants have morphologically abnormal and reduced numbers of clusters of voltage-gated sodium channels in the spinal cord and along peripheral nerves.
As well as clustering the voltage-gated sodium channels that are vital for spike initiation, the AIS also contains high densities of voltage-gated potassium channels that limit and control action potential production [e.g. [53]].
Zhou, D. et al. AnkyrinG is required for clustering of voltage-gated Na channels at axon initial segments and for normal action potential firing.
Interestingly, the AGRN (agrin) gene also appears to have a key regulatory role in basement membranes of neuromuscular junctions, and is involved in the inhibition, storage, activation of varied growth factors [ 29], clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels, and G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway [ 30], all of which are essential for fundamental cell development.
Voltage clustering algorithm has been used for network clustering before, but not for network motif discovery.
At this acceleration voltage, the clusters are fixed in each orientation for timescales on the order of seconds before switching to another orientation.
Dependence of the clustering factor on temperature, voltage, device area, dielectric microstructure and resistance state has also been examined.
