In mammalian systems, PREs are less well characterised with the best examples being a 3 kb region from the mouse MafB gene and a 1.8 kb region from the human HOXD cluster that confer PcG-dependent repression in reporter gene systems [ 19, 20].
Chromosomal linkage group 2 contains a large cluster of resistance genes that confer resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) (Dm1, Dm3, Dm6, Dm14, Dm15, Dm16, Dm18) and lettuce root aphid (Ra) [ 52, 53].
In this case, it may be that disruption of one or more of these loci is interfering with the transcription of one gene in the cluster that is conferring the Rtd− phenotype.
Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the genes that confer tolerance to As, Cd and the oxidative stress agents above are to a large extent distinct (Fig 3).
These genetic and evolutionary processes have resulted in complex, variable clusters of NLR genes in the genome that confer resistance to multiple diverse pathogens.
Similar to genes essential for growth and genes repressed by starvation, genes that confer resistance to stresses often map between clusters of starvation-induced genes (Fig. 4F and Additional File 7).
We report that the katG S315T isoniazid resistance conferring mutation retains an independent effect on clustering of MDR TB cases despite the presence of mutations that confer resistance to additional drugs.
Interestingly, in Evsa-T cells as compared with MCF-7 cells, SERMs for which the chemical structure contain clusters that mimic hydrophobic substituents linked to the 11β-position of estradiol conferred greater transcription.
Gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites are frequently associated with genes that confer resistance to these metabolites, which would otherwise be toxic to the cells producing them.
At the heart of genomic imprinting in mammals are imprinting control regions (ICRs), which are the discrete genetic elements that confer imprinted monoallelic expression to several genes in imprinted gene clusters.
