Most of the R-genes described to date are organized in clusters reviewed in [ 3, 10].
In this study we utilized a newly proposed method for identifying genetic clusters (reviewed in [ 58]).
Additional file 1: Description of Global Health Initiative (GHI) clusters reviewed in the paper.
Previous analysis of RGHs has demonstrated that plant disease resistance genes frequently occur in tightly linked clusters (reviewed in Michelmore and Meyers 1998).
The amino-acid sequence of ArrB indicates the presence of four cubane-type iron-sulfur clusters (reviewed in Stolz et al. [ 8]).
Thus, intervals of genetic heterogeneity may reflect copy number variation or rearrangements that are common features of paralog clusters (reviewed in Żmieńko et al. 2014).
BWS is also caused by the loss of ICR methylation and deregulation in the centromeric cluster or paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD), which results in aberrant methylation at the ICRs of both clusters (reviewed in 1, 2).
Thus, positive selection for coregulation in gene expression and biological function, which might have driven the evolution of gene clusters (reviewed in Hurst et al. 2004), is unlikely to apply to the fixation of nested gene structures.
miRNA genes are located in inter- or intragenic regions of protein-coding gene introns and/or exons and are transcribed from DNA but not translated into proteins; they can exist individually or form clusters (reviewed in [ 12]).
There seem to be selective pressures that favor both confining core histone expression to S phase and maintaining histone genes in large clusters (reviewed by Marzluff and Duronio 2002).
