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We attempted to identify spatial clusters of leprosy cases within these four villages using a spatial scan statistic [ 8, 9].
The spatial pattern of the compounds – a small group of houses – was analyzed, and we looked for spatial clusters of leprosy cases.
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A clustering of leprosy cases at the village level was not observed in the highly endemic Nilphamari district in northwest Bangladesh [ 10].
Additionally, based on the spatial distribution pattern of leprosy cases described in our previous study in Castanhal [ 20], we selected two elementary public schools located in high risk areas, one located within a cluster of leprosy cases and the other in a hyperendemic census tract, to survey additional SC.
Performing targeted screening in selected schools located in a predefined cluster of leprosy cases or in a hyperendemic urban census tract of the city resulted in a two-fold higher detection rate compared to our previous findings in randomly selected schools [ 3].
The municipal seat, Almenara, and an additional 13 municipalities are components of cluster 6, a region in Brazil known to contain a high concentration of leprosy cases [ 11].
PHC staff were generally found to be highly knowledgeable of diagnosis and management of leprosy cases due to frequent training and a support network of leprosy experts.
In addition to leprosy indicators, the number of leprosy cases that were misdiagnosed, re-registered or defaulted from MDT was also deduced.
and neighbours of leprosy cases have an increased risk of leprosy [ 26, 27, 41, 42].
The presence of signs suggestive of leprosy and the operational classification of leprosy cases were associated with anti-PGL-I seropositivity.
Table 3 shows characteristics of leprosy cases identified through active surveillance and promotion of community awareness.
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