Importantly, spatial clustering of developmental genes is fundamental for the correct regulation of gene expression during early development.
K-means clustering of developmental transcriptomes.
Generally, these studies provided evidence for clustering of developmental delays, but their results are not directly comparable with the current study in the normal, unselected population.
This illustrates the clustering of developmental stages, where that early and advanced strobila clustered together with ephyra in terms of gene expression levels.
The hypothyroxinemia correlated to a cluster of developmental parameters including delayed sexual development in females, decreased pup mortality, and effects on brainstem auditory evoked potentials [Lilienthal, H., Verwer, C.M., Van der Ven, L.T.M., Piersma, A.H., Vos, J.G., 2008. Neurobehavioral effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in rats after pre- and postnatal exposure. Toxicology].
From this set of 9284 DEGs, two large clusters of developmental stages were identified.
In this study on the course of DR, we identified five clusters of developmental patterns of DR in patients with T2DM and assessed the risk factor levels of these clusters.
From a large group of patients with type 2 diabetes (N = 3,343), the authors identified five clusters of developmental patterns of DR. The largest (cluster A) included patients who did not develop any form of DR over a 6-year period ("persistent no retinopathy").
Nonetheless, less heterogeneous clusters or different clusters of developmental patterns might be found if analyses would be repeated in different populations, e.g., with type 1 diabetes or new-onset T2DM, with a longer follow-up than the time frame of 6 years in our study or with higher levels of blood glucose.
The handful of genome level studies conducted on sharks have already revealed some distinctive features, including the absence of the HoxC cluster of developmental pattern genes found in all other non-elasmobranch vertebrate lineages [ 7], and the presence of a substantial number of expressed sequence tags for which no homologues in other organisms could be identified [ 8].
Data exist on prevalence of delays in single areas, but there is lack of knowledge regarding the clustering patterns of developmental delays and their determinants.
