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The ILS assumption suggests that all inter-particle bonds in an aggregated cluster of polymer chains and colloid particles can be represented by identical linear springs.
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Under acidic conditions, colominic acid will lactonize in solution and form a cluster of polymers at each given DP with different degrees of lactonization.
Figure 4 Post-processing: Clustering of polymer contaminants.
The adsorption/desorption studies showed that the adsorbed layer of drilling fluid onto the walls of the rock pores is made up of clusters of polymers, linked by hydrogen bonds, which results in a force of lower cohesion compared to the electrostatic interaction between silica and polymers.
The formation of large clusters of unmelted polymer can cause significant problems in extrusion.
Light scattering experiments show that the hydrophobic DPH group influences the clustering of the polymer in solution.
This mechanism is more or less independent of the metal that has to be protected, i.e. it is a property of the composite coating derived from dispersing micro-clusters of conducting polymer in a non-conducting matrix and unspecific for the metal onto which it is to be applied.
The structure is known to include gel-like regions, where nanosized clusters (up to 20 nm [36, 43, 44, 46, 49 51]) and narrower channels between them are located (cluster-channel structure of polymer ion-exchange materials is described in detail in [49 51]).
On the other hand, in case of longer chain polymer, insufficient number of polymer chain per cluster that was actually required destabilized the smaller particles formation, which is required for sufficient stabilization.
In the conventional synthesis the growth of the cluster polymer particles leading to the development of the porosity is controlled by the R/C ratio.
From the SPM images, as shown in Figure 3, the growth of polymer aggregates or clusters is clearly seen.
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