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Fig. 1AI shows the raw SERS readouts from the same cluster of bacteria over time (black traces), or from five different clusters of bacteria plated on the same Ag/AAO substrate (blue traces), or from bacteria on five different SERS-active substrates (green traces).
This cluster of bacteria contains several strains that are able to grow under saline conditions and in biofilms (8, 9 ).
The inclusion of the parasites M. tuberculosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cluster of bacteria with large genomes probably reflects the recent origin of parasitism in these lineages.
Through investigation of the phylogenetic tree of gadB, we found that there was an obvious incompatibility with the organism tree, and gadB from Ferroplasma fer1 and Ferroplasma fer2 were misplaced within the cluster of bacteria; the closest relatives were genes from L. ferrodiazotrophum and L. rubarum (Fig. 3).
To be specific, the ribosomal genes of G-plasma often have a close relationship with those of L. ferrodiazotrophum and L. rubarum instead of other plasma species, and they are placed in a cluster of bacteria rather than archaea in the gene tree.
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The protruded topographical features act as physical barriers to inhibit the expansion of small clusters of bacteria residing in surface cavities, physically disrupting further colonization and subsequent biofilm formation (Chung et al. [2007]).
Endocarditis (an infection of the heart valves which spreads small clusters of bacteria through the bloodstream) may cause aseptic meningitis.
Individual single bacteria or clusters of bacteria could be easily identified under this microscope system.
The bacilli are present extracellularly either as small clusters of bacteria or as single cells (Fig. 5F).
A cluster of E. coli was identified by MLST that was only isolated from unaffected animals (cluster 1) and three clusters of bacteria were associated with PID (clusters 2 to 4).
The SERS spectra obtained from different clusters of bacteria on the same substrate and different bacteria on substrates of different lots are superimposed in Fig. 1B and 1C, respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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