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Differences between the particle size distributions measured by both methods could be due to big cluster bias in SEM images and partial cluster disintegration during sample preparation for the DLS measurement.
In some cases the domains were maintained by cross-regulatory interactions (sea urchins, for instance), although this could also be maintained even in the event of cluster disintegration.
At the same time these elements could provide the structural basis for the later cluster disintegration in specific lineages (as seen in the Hox cluster; [ 7]).
In fact, there are cases of extreme cluster disintegration, for instance in larvaceans [ 2] or acoelomorphs [ 3], where the relative spatial domains are still well conserved (with respect to the genomic locations that their clustered paralogs exhibit in other groups).
Recent evidence shows, that the temporal and spatial patterning of Hox expression is controlled by distinct mechanisms [ 82- 84], which might explain why spatial colinearity is maintained even during cluster disintegration [ 77].
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Nerves undergoing Low-TENS did not exhibit signs of degeneration seen in groups without treatment or treated with High-TENS, such as dark axoplasm, high density of macrophages, axoplasmic dissolution, nonspecific laminar structure of the membrane, and regenerative clusters disintegration.
Experiments are conducted in a two-dimensional, liquid solid transport bed to study the mechanisms of particle cluster formation and disintegration.
There are, however, an increasing number of examples of Hox clusters that have broken apart, and the underlying mechanistic basis for Hox cluster maintenance or disintegration is unclear (reviewed in [ 35, 60, 62]).
When evaluating the dynamics of some genomic arrangements, we think it is interesting to note that the partial break of ParaHox clusters, or their eventual disintegration, seems to occur in parallel, in the various taxa where these events take place, to the break and dispersion of its sister cluster, the HOX.
The implementation of this niche strategy and the core competence of the IC design industry originates from five major factors: supportive policy, technology manpower, entrepreneurship, vertical disintegration and industrial cluster.
A case of disintegration in the cluster is observed in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis where the three genes are dispersed in two chromosomes, Gsx on chromosome 2q and Xlox and Cdx on chromosome 14q.
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