For optical density measurements, clumps were resuspended by strong agitation.
Carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry, based on measurements of Δ47 (a geochemical variable reflecting the statistical overabundance of 13C18O bonds in CO2 evolved from phosphoric acid digestion of carbonate minerals), potentially provides a method for absolute speleothem paleotemperature reconstructions independent of drip water composition.
Furthermore, prevention of particle clumping is essential for valid PSF measurements.
The final concentration of the probe used was 75 nM, and the preloading time was 30 min. In the flow cytometry measurements, dead cells and clumps were eliminated based on forward scatter versus side scatter measurement, and untreated cells provided a source of comparison.
We considered these isolated counts as clotted samples, platelet clumping, laboratory error or one-time only measurements with immediate normalization.
These extraneous measurements, which may be discarded cuticles, clumped bacteria, or chemical precipitates, are not individually separable from nematode measurements.
The material in the extraneous measurements included detritus, discarded nematode cuticles, and/or clumped bacteria, based on microscopic examination.
In the 1990s, measurements of both standard red giants as well as red clump stars from the Hipparcos satellite measurements were used to calibrate the Cepheid distances.
Research indicated that patients tended to clump around the middle and quartiles of the line so that the true measurement accuracy that was being provided was realistically a five-point scale with errors around each point.
For all measurements, the leaves were placed in in the chamber (LI-6400-08), using a clump-on leaf cuvette; the chamber was covered with transparent film at the top to ensure that ambient light of equal intensity reached the leaves.
