Sentence examples for closures terms from inspiring English sources
A full integration of closures terms is proposed where the standard k ε model of turbulence is modified to include the effect of the dispersed phase and the bubble liquid interface on the turbulence behaviour and the hydrodynamic of multiphase flow.
Different combinations of relative permeability correlations in the closure terms have been exercised to realize the best fit.
Moreover, this class of models has the potential to eliminate the scale dependence of local nonlinear constitutive laws, which typically require appropriate closure terms.
The properties of steady and unsteady periodically developed flow are investigated to assess different strategies for determining the closure terms in the macro-scale flow equations.
The simulations are based on a two-fluid model with a k ε model for the turbulence and as little as possible ad hoc closure terms.
It is shown that the spatial averaging technique requires an appropriate weighting function to ensure that the closure terms are spatially constant for periodically developed flow.
The diffusion weak form is based on the modified incomplete interior penalty (MIP) diffusion DFEM discretization that is extended by volumetric drift, interior face, and boundary closure terms.
Moreover, through an appropriate choice of the weighting function, the closure terms can be obtained by solving a local closure problem on a unit cell of the periodic structures.
Closure terms in the temperature mean and variance equations are obtained by using the 2D table for reaction source terms and by assuming a presumed PDF shape for the temperature PDF.
This analysis provides a more accurate estimate of closure terms, but also an accurate resolution method for the conservative fluxes as well as non-conservative terms even for situations involving discontinuous solutions.
The closure terms for phase interactions have been addressed by adopting the relative permeability concept [Sàez, A.E., Carbonell, R.G., 1985. Hydrodynamic parameters for gas liquid cocurrent flow in packed beds. A.I.Ch.E. Journal 31, 52 62].
