The amendment to the current regulation proposed by the Commission and agreed by Parliament allows some €500 million to be released as soon as the legislation is adopted and a further €800 million will be released in advance of the formal closure of the programmes in 2017.
The closure of the shuttle programme has left Nasa facing a deeply uncertain future, with no means to fly astronauts into space, and no clear role in the ongoing human exploration of the solar system.
The "partnership approach" was seen as a time bound one, with the need for "a point of closure" once the programme became established [ 13:259].
* The closure of the FAS science challenge programme followed the Sunday Independent's exposé that it had been costing at least €1.2m a year.
We are seeing the closure of the in vitro subsidy programme.
It also said that it has nothing to announce on its contracts with BT and CSC, and points out that the move will not include the closure of existing national programme systems, such as Choose & Book, the N3 network, NHSmail and Pacs (picture archiving and communication systems).
The closure of the US mission consigned the GPF programme, like most other assistance initiatives for Libya, to a quiet death.
The closure of the Sheffield office is part of a programme to reduce the department's operating costs and staff size by 2020.
The March 2011 earthquake unleashed a devastating tsunami, and Japan is still coming to terms with its impact - not least the question of restarting its nuclear energy programme after the closure of the crippled Fukushima plant.
The use of such models in imaging-embedded trials of novel agents will improve the accuracy of preclinical data, accelerating the development of promising drugs, or enabling early closure of suboptimal programmes.
