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The sharp distinctions in yield and compositions between closed reactions and gas flow reactions reflect relatively uniform substrate compositions under gas flow and changing compositions in closed reactions.
To replicate flow conditions without mass transport, samples were subjected to multiple closed reactions.
The effect is moderate under gas flow and substantial in closed reactions.
Figure 5 Concentrations (% mol) of C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbons generated in six sequential closed reactions, Floyd shale at 50°C (Table 2).
Figure 6 Concentrations (% mol) of C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbons generated in five sequential closed reactions, Mowry shale at 100°C (Table 3).
The two procedures (gas flow and sequential closed reactions) should give similar products if mass transport makes no contribution to product compositions and substantial differences if mass transport controls product compositions.
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It may well be that more tightly closed reaction complexes exclude water very effectively and rely on residues to act as proton donors and acceptors, with the p Kas of these residues structurally tuned.
Closed reaction networks are conservative systems [ 9], i.e. all the species participate in at least one conservation law and therefore there is a strictly positive row vector v (with m elements) such that v S=0.
Though the first press audience warmed to "Up," which opens shortly after the festival closes, reactions to the other early titles have been muted.
To measure re-opening, 40 mM ADP was rapidly mixed with pre-closed reactions (closed as in Figure 4).
The 5-iminooxazolidin-2-one scaffold was rearranged into the isomeric hydantoin scaffold through a sequence of ring-opening and ring-closing reactions.
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