Sentence examples for closed life cycle from inspiring English sources

B. parapertussis and B. pertussis, the causative agents of Whooping Cough in humans, appear to have independently evolved from a B. bronchiseptica-like progenitor by loss of many genomic regions accompanying their adaptation to a closed life cycle, spreading from human to human without an environmental reservoir [ 2, 4].

Cultivation of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is now entirely based on closed life-cycle populations, yet few studies have analyzed gonadal development in domesticated shrimp during grow-out in ponds.

Closed life-cycle breeding of aquaculture species is essential for sustainability.

It is difficult to introduce parts reuse based on conventional product structure, and appropriate product modularization is necessary to efficiently manage a closed loop product life cycle.

For reducing environmental burden of industrial products, it is mandatory to rationalize product design and to achieve a closed loop product life cycle by use of comprehensive parts reuse and recycling.

This closes the life cycle.

However, it seldom integrates eco-design approaches as it requires 'life cycle thinking' with closed-loop life cycles.

The aim of this paper is to propose a closed loop framework to improve life cycle performances of industrial systems, focusing on the automotive sector.

Creating a closed loop where the skateboards life cycle is from cradle to cradle".

To quantify the environmental impact and the closed-loop supply chain, we used a life cycle assessment-based and damage-oriented method (eco-indicator 99).

One crucial step within the HBV life cycle is the formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as original template for viral replication with approximately 5 50 cccDNA molecules per infected hepatocyte [ 6].