Then, the wild type MSRV-SS was purified by plaque clone assays, and the biological characteristics of the clonal strain designed as MSRV-SS-7 were investigated.
The used clonal strain contains intermediate toxin content in comparison with 9 other A. tamarense strains (see "clone 5" in [57]).
First, we sequenced three plasmids (70 Kb, 94 Kb, and 147 Kb) from a clonal strain of K. pneumoniae using Sanger sequencing.
The MA-10 cell line is a clonal strain of mouse Leydig tumor cells that produces progesterone (P4) rather than testosterone as the major steroid [54].
Since the present study investigated the effect of one clonal strain of A. tamarense on the copepod species we cannot exclude different outcomes of the same study when using different strains.
Among the various GAS serotypes, the globally disseminated M1T1 clonal strain remains the most frequently isolated from cases of invasive and non-invasive infections [2], [3], and although disease severity partially depends on host genetic factors [4], [5], [6], M1T1 GAS possesses unique genomic features that contribute to its evolutionary fitness [7], [8], [9], [10].
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense clonal strain was isolated in May 2004 from the North Sea coast of Scotland [22], grown in K-medium [56] prepared from filtered North Sea water (0.2 µm; salinity ∼33‰) in a light-dark cycle (14 h:10 h) and diluted with K-medium to a concentration of ∼500 cells mL−1 prior to the experiment.
In this study, we sequenced and assembled three plasmids (pKF3-70, pKF3-94, and pKF3-140) from a clonal strain of K. pneumoniae and also investigated the genetic variation and evolutionary dynamics of these multidrug resistance plasmids from 206 clinical strains collected between 2002 and 2008.
No clonal strain was identified by PFGE.
