Sentence examples for clonal breeding from inspiring English sources

Clonal breeding for systemic resistance to blight using a family selection approach is suggested.

Genetic variation within plant species is determined by a number of different factors such as reproductive mode (sexual vs. clonal), breeding system (outcrossing vs. selfing), life-history traits, population history, geographical range or selective constraints (Loveless and Hamrick 1984).

We estimated genetic (Vg), maternal (Vm) and environmental (Ve) variation from the variance among clonal lines, variance among clonal sublines and variance within clonal sublines, respectively, from our mixed-effect model analysis of our clonal breeding design.

Using our clonal breeding design, we quantified genetic, maternal and environmental variance components for distal spine and body length from statistical models of among clonal line, among subline, and within subline variation, respectively (Lynch 1985; Lynch and Walsh 1998; Fig. 2).

SE of conifers has also attracted much attention in recent years, being the promising technology for clonal propagation and breeding programs in forestry [ 14, 15].

Second, an increasing number of studies using breeding designs/comparisons of clonal genotypes identified (additive) genetic variance in traits such as CO2 or temperature tolerance.

Mixed breeding systems with extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment are widespread in nature but often thought to impede the formation of discrete evolutionary clusters.

However, natural clonal reproduction in vertebrates is relatively rare [6], and this fact has led researchers to develop artificial techniques and breeding schemes that allow the clonal production of genetically uniform animals in several vertebrate taxa [6].

Since these markers are able to reproduce the relationship that was already known from pedigree information, they can be used to provide reliable genotypic information for clonal identification and the selection of parents in breeding programs.

Evolution of the modern potato crop, potato breeding and the need for new cultivars, adaptation to environments and end uses, germplasm available, introgression of genes from wild species, breeding cultivars at the tetraploid level for clonal propagation, breeding cultivars for TPS, genetically modified potatoes and achieving durable disease and pest resistance are the broad areas covered here.

In these mixed breeding systems recombination might be sufficient to prevent clonal selective sweeps but insufficient to homogenize populations by gene flow [2], [6].