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However, abiotic stresses, such as drought, change the clock synchrony, altering the circadian rhythm in response to dehydration [ 6].
Likewise, experimental models that lead to a marked disruption of clock synchrony, such as constant light, and repetitive shifting of the light-dark cycle, have been shown to accelerate tumor growth and, relatedly, increase mortality rates [ 30- 32].
Given that changes in clock synchrony also can affect somite size and morphology, the reader needs to have a clear idea of how (if) somite production might be perturbed by these treatments.
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To maintain clock-environment synchrony, zeitgebers induce changes in the concentrations of the molecular components of the clock to levels consistent with the appropriate stage in the 24-h cycle.
Synchrony among peripheral tissues requires central bmal1 dependent clocks, while synchrony of individual tissues to a feeding schedule may not require central clocks.
All it takes is for space to expand behind and contract in front of the Enterprise and it will ride along like a surfboard on a wave: clocks in synchrony at both origin and destination and no relativistic laws actually broken, because light, too, travels (locally) at light speed.
Although the clock acts in synchrony with the light/dark cycle, its activity persists in constant darkness, thereby providing an endogenous reliable mechanism that anticipates the changes in background illumination that occur in the day and night.
Under normal circumstances, this network of clocks is kept in synchrony by the master clock in the SCN; but it has been known for many decades that behavioural rhythms in laboratory rodents can be entrained by restricting access to food to certain times of the day.
A number of studies have shown that PDF plays critical roles in controlling synchrony in clock neurons and behavioural rhythms, analogous to the roles of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the SCN10,11,12.
This means that unless we experience a daily dawn/dusk cycle the body clock drifts out of synchrony with the solar day, and in practice this would mean we would get out of bed later and later each day.
According to the circadian disruption hypothesis, metabolic health is optimal when the different daily rhythms, including the behavioural fasting feeding and sleep wake rhythms, hormonal and autonomic nervous system rhythms and central and peripheral clock rhythms, oscillate in synchrony with each other.
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