Sentence examples for clock rate based on from inspiring English sources
In these calculations, a molecular clock rate based on 20% per million years differentiation of D-loop in the noctule bat [ 49], which falls between the estimate for house mouse [10% per million years [ 50]) and bison (30% per million years [ 51]] was used.
Loci throughout the genome show different levels of neutral substitution between BY and RM due to ancestral recombination (see Text S1), so if cis-acting QTL are selectively neutral, we expect them to accumulate at a clock-like rate based on their locus-specific coalescence time.
Consequently, this mutation rate based on the molecular clock hypothesis (Weir and Schluter 2008) may not be representative of the pairwise nucleotidic identity between the whole genomes of D. melanogaster and D. simulans (Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium 2007) and is not suitable for a genome-wide analysis.
According to our molecular evolutionary rate based on a relaxed molecular clock and all-gene database, the main Mediterranean leuciscine lineages arose and diversified in the Oligocene period.
We also tested the molecular clock hypothesis (i.e., that all lineages evolved at the same rate) based on the likelihood ratio of the topology with the highest log likelihood with and without assuming a molecular clock.
Dissatisfied with such wobble in the basic gears of the molecular clock, evolutionary biologists Sudhir Kumar and Sankar Subramanian decided to establish a more reliable mammalian mutation rate based on as many gene sequences as possible.
Camera clock speeds and initial offset times are not standard across cameras, which means the calculations of frame rate based on the IEEE 1394 'Shutter' attribute will not necessarily be correct across all cameras.
Exactly when this genome size evolved is a matter of conjecture; although an approximate date can be estimated from molecular clock type evolution rates based on more recent organisms (see e.g., the reviews of [ 1]), rates of increase of functional genome size could have been very different in the distant past.
Once the clock reaches zero, the game is over, and the player is ranked and rated based on the total earned.
