Sentence examples for clock evolution from inspiring English sources

Or easily to grasp this description of clock evolution: "The earliest type of escapement was the verge," we read.

Applying the "molecular clock" evolution rates of about 3.54% divergence per million years (myr) of Papadopoulou et al. [98] to the minimum interspecific cytochrome c oxidase 1 distance suggests that the two lines have split around 1.0 to 1.9 myr ago.

To compare the different clock treatments, we monitored the "CoefficientOfVariation" for each partition in the relaxed clock analyses, and discarded a strict clock evolution if the distribution did not bump up against zero.

Studies show that these accumulated differences result from changes whose rates are, in a certain fashion, fairly constant hence, the concept of the molecular clock (see evolution: The molecular clock of evolution)—which allows scientists to estimate the time of the split from knowledge of the DNA differences.

(See below The molecular clock of evolution and The neutrality theory of molecular evolution).

If the neutrality theory is correct, there should be a "molecular clock" of evolution; that is, the degree to which amino acid or nucleotide sequences diverge between species should provide a reliable estimate of the time since the species diverged.

To look farther into HIV's murky past, theoretical biologist Bette Korber of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and her colleagues used a statistical model to clock the evolution of HIV's envelope gene, which codes for one of the spiky proteins jutting from the virus's surface.

Within the Hexanchiformes, C. anguineus is sister of all the others with the longest branch, so, assuming clock like evolution, it could be the oldest extant shark lineage.

Exactly when this genome size evolved is a matter of conjecture; although an approximate date can be estimated from molecular clock type evolution rates based on more recent organisms (see e.g., the reviews of [ 1]), rates of increase of functional genome size could have been very different in the distant past.

Because a likelihood ratio test [ 25] rejected the assumption of rate constancy (= clock-like evolution) across the tree, we instead used the Bayesian uncorrelated log-normal relaxed molecular clock approach [ 41] as implemented in BEAST v. 1.5.4 [ 78] to estimate times of divergence and associated confidence intervals.

> Because the hypothesis of clock-like evolution was not rejected at the 5 % level in the relative-rate tests, we set a strict molecular clock model for the analyses.