Here we show that the precision of molecular clock estimates of times has been grossly over-estimated.
But these "molecular clock" estimates are notoriously unreliable.
Where feasible, we used molecular clock estimates to date the ages of the respective lineages.
This results in high correlation between the satellite clock estimates and the satellite orbits, especially the radial component.
Previous studies have identified systematic errors in the orbit and clock estimates of the GIOVE and Galileo IOV satellites in the order of ±20 cm.
In this paper, an appropriate clock model is proposed to constrain the satellite clock estimates in order to improve the accuracy of satellite orbits.
This genetic separation occurred at ca. 145 240 ka, based on the late Quaternary outwash terrace dating, in agreement with "molecular clock" estimates.
The fundamental differences between the FCB and DC is that ( {tilde{a}}_{q,1}^{ps} ) was not determined in the DC method, but assimilated within the clock estimates.
However, a constant systematic error at the nanosecond level can be found in the clock measurements, which is obtained and then corrected by differencing the clock measurements and the clock estimates from orbit determination.
The results show that for satellites equipped with highly stable clocks, employing an appropriate linear model constraint for the clock estimates in orbit determination can result in an improved orbit consistency as well as accuracy.
Molecular clock estimates and the geographical arrangement of three of the groups suggested that Pliocene geological events in the tectonically dynamic Eastern California Shear Zone may have driven diversification by vicariance.
