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In our experience PMRT was significantly protective only in case of clinical staged T3 tumors, regardless of response to NAC.
Patients with rectal cancer that do not require radiation therapy (i.e. rectal cancer with clinical staged T1-3 N0, extramural invasion ≤ 5 millimetres, distance to the mesorectal fascia > 1 millimetre [ 5]), but otherwise do meet the inclusion criteria can participate in the CAIRO4 study.
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We evaluated the ability of the assays to distinguish clinical stage.
Higher mRNA level of RGS17 was associated with higher clinical stage and poor prognosis (Fig. 6d f).
Clinical staging can be accomplished by endoscopy, chest and abdominal computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, and laparoscopy.
The tumors were early, at clinical stage T1 or T2, meaning less than two inches across.
Half of those present as clinical stage I disease.
Current treatment approaches are primarily based on clinical stage.
RNA vaccines are still at the pre-clinical or clinical stage, but have yielded promising results.
Systematic genomic identification of colorectal cancer genes delineating advanced from early clinical stage and metastasis.
Advanced clinical stage indicates metastatic cancer, either in regional lymph nodes or in distant organs.
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