We explored the dilemma between patients' right not to know their genetic status and the efficient use of health-care resources in the form of clinical cancer screening programmes.
Participation in clinical cancer screening programmes without prior DNA testing is, however, respected by most health-care professionals, especially as genetic testing is usually only delayed temporarily and only few patients are involved yet.
These data may be relevant for clinical counselling, future development of screening programmes, and to advance the understanding of the aetiology of the disease.
First and foremost, the non-disease specificity of the symptoms has made ovarian cancer very difficult to detect in time and, although clinical trials are ongoing, valid screening programmes are not yet available [ 4].
29 31 Other potential interventions include pharmacological agents; devices; equipment or supplies; clinical or surgical procedures; diagnostic tests; screening programmes; information provision; and access strategies.
As in Ecuador, the programme involved a combination of clinical screening and treatment with intermittent serological surveys.
Thus it is important to assess the clinical as well as economic implications of adding MRI to current screening programmes for high-risk women so as to identify cost-effective screening strategies involving MRI.
This may be due to stomach cancer screening programmes [ 24] and wide use of endoscopy in clinical settings in Japan.
Systematic clinical screening may provide the information required for the disaster mental health programme.
