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Probable dengue was diagnosed when there was fever and two or more of: nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, leukopenia and presence of any warning signs which include abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, clinical fluid accumulation, mucosal bleeding, lethargy or restlessness, liver enlargement >2 cm and increase in hematocrit concurrent with rapid decrease in platelet count.
Clinical fluid accumulation, hepatomegaly, and severe organ involvement were associated with DENV-HIV patients, albeit not statistically significant over the period of hospitalization.
These included: abdominal pain or tenderness; persistent vomiting; clinical fluid accumulation (e.g. clinical pleural effusion or ascites); bleeding from mucosal surfaces; lethargy/restlessness; and liver enlargement.
Decubitus chest x-ray and ultrasound were performed on clinicians' decision, thus the detection of clinical fluid accumulation may not be standardized.
Warning signs assessed comprised abdominal pain (or tenderness), persistent vomiting, mucosal bleeding, clinical fluid accumulation, hepatomegaly (>2 cm) and increase in hematocrit (with concurrent decrease in platelet) [ 2].
Warning signs were abdominal pain or tenderness, persistent vomiting, clinical fluid accumulation, mucosal bleed, lethargy or restlessness, hepatomegaly, and hematocrit change ≥20% concurrent with platelet <50 K on the same day.
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In building upon these prior data, the present findings are noteworthy because they provide a physiologic and clinical link between fluid accumulation and mortality, demonstrate profound clinical and economic implications, and imply that mitigating IDWG could improve health and survival among ESRD patients.
Efficacy was assessed by evaluating diarrhea, clinical observations, intestinal fluid accumulation, weight gain, intestinal colonization and fecal shedding of F4-ETEC.
Peritoneal fluid over time followed a dose response pattern in patients with no clinical pregnancy although there was no relationship between peritoneal fluid accumulation and the use of quinagolide in patients with a clinical pregnancy (Fig. 5a and b).
These analyses have been conducted to estimate the independent associative risks that exist between indices of interdialytic fluid accumulation and dialytic fluid removal with clinical outcomes, particularly, incident CV events and deaths.
RRT initiation should therefore be viewed as a potentially important therapeutic measure, not only for treatment of refractory fluid overload, but also for the prevention of excessive fluid accumulation that may contribute to worse clinical outcomes.
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