Knowles, M.A. & Hurst, C.D. Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity.
As Egger et al.29 suggest, in the event that such a relationship is found, clinical diversity of the studies should be examined.
In addition to pathologic heterogeneity, there is clinical diversity within lymphomas, with some patients achieving cure, others having prolonged disease stabilization, and still others experiencing a rapidly fulminant decline and death.
These data taken together emphasize that it is crucial to take into account the phylogenetic diversity of T. cruzi natural clones in all applied studies dealing with diagnosis, drug and vaccine design, epidemiological surveys, and clinical diversity of Chagas' disease.
To address this, we generated panels of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC-derived oligodendrocytes from 12 individuals with mutations spanning the genetic and clinical diversity of PMD including point mutations and duplication, triplication, and deletion of PLP1 and developed an in vitro platform for molecular and cellular characterization of all 12 mutations simultaneously.
The emerging pattern of molecular complexity in melanoma tumors mirrors the clinical diversity of the disease and highlights the notion that melanoma, like other cancers, is not a single disease but a heterogeneous group of disorders that arise from complex molecular changes.
We judged a statistical pooling of the results of these five studies to be sensible given that substantial clinical diversity and statistical heterogeneity could confidently be ruled out.
The crude mortality rate is commonly used as the main criterion of outcome in septic shock, but it is clearly limited to assess the prognosis with respect to the clinical diversity of the disorder.
We planned to combine data from primary studies in a meta-analysis with Review Manager 5 using the risk ratio as a summary outcome measure using a random-effects model if enough studies were retrieved and after significant clinical diversity and substantial statistical heterogeneity were confidently ruled out.
Nonetheless, we cannot rule out the impact of clinical diversity on our results due to inter- and intra-group heterogeneities (e.g., aneurysms versus AVMs and a large aneurysm versus a small aneurysm, ruptured versus unruptured aneurysms, etc)., which we could only address in a limited fashion, i.e., in analyses stratified by type of vascular malformation (aneurysm vs. AVM).
Host genetic susceptibility, together with some environmental and lifestyle factors, has been suggested to contribute to such clinical diversity [5], [6].
