Exact(2)
The MAE for the three macro-areas is shown in Tables 3 and 4 and calculated as follows (Eq. 6): {text{MAE}}; = ;frac{1}{n}sumlimits_{i = 1}^{n} {left| {F_{i} - O_{i} } right|} (6 where O i = observed value; F i = forecasted or climatological value, n = numbers of analyzed data.
For regions with a high RPC (underconfidence), the sharpness has been improved by the RPC correction such that model probabilities are more dispersed from the climatological value and now sample more extreme values, and the Brier score has been improved (0.20 compared to 0.23 and 0.25 for the original model output and climatology, respectively).
Similar(58)
This translates to 20~40% of the rainfall change in the WPH region relative to climatological values in the region.
For the radiative heating rate dT R /dt, the climatological values near 20°N and 135°E taken from Katayama (1967) are used as in Ninomiya (1975).
APHRODITE has data for 1950 2007; however, we only considered the years 1982 2007 to remain consistent in reproducing climatological values for both simulations and observations.
Depending on the method selected, the meteorological data can be assimilated either from weather stations, atmospheric models or software packages LAPS (land air parameterization schemes providing 10 min prognostic values) and KARLOS (providing their climatological values) integrated in the system as a whole.
Similarly, assuming a direct relationship between the volume of natural gas demand related to power generation by Electrical Utilities and the cooling degree day (CDD) in the summer season, a variation in the overall energy demand of about 7% can be estimated with a variation of 1°C with respect to climatological values (Giorgetti et al. 2012).
Surface temperatures in this region remained above climatological values throughout the May-December period, with no respite from thermal stress (Figures 1A, S2).
This is evidence that air-sea heat flux anomalies are likely better constrained than climatological values (section S9).
Errors in the climatological values for ocean MHT divergence or atmospheric fluxes would result in spurious linear trends after the time integration of anomalies (section S2).
The climatological mean value is a single value representing the mean over the given time period at each one-degree grid box.
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