The area of cultivation is limited by climate, soil erosion, and the uneven surface of the plateau.
The tropical climate induces erosion processes that permanently compete with volcanic constructional processes.
About 6 million years ago, as Earth's climate cooled, erosion rates generally rose at all latitudes but increased most notably in mountainous regions.
"Over the generations people have built on the coastline and with sea level rises, greater storms and climate change, erosion is accelerating in some locations".
Understanding the interactions of climate, physical erosion, chemical weathering and pedogenic processes is essential when considering the evolution of critical zone systems.
However, the presence of the unconformity means that deep sea records are required if we are to extend our reconstruction beyond 20 Ma and so better correlate climate and erosion with Greater Himalayan exhumation.
The interviewers displayed geographical visualizations of the territory, prompting each interviewee to evaluate the ecosystem services: supply (food), regulation (water, climate, soil erosion, and soil fertility), support (biodiversity), and culture (landscape and recreation).
Associated shifts in ESS such as climate regulation, erosion and water cycles, biodiversity as well as soil fertility or the provisioning of raw materials have been assessed through several models and software solutions (InVEST, ARIES, MIMES).
