Boniface not only revoked the concessions of 1297 but rebuked Philip for seizing clerical property and debasing the coinage, among other things, and he summoned French prelates to Rome to proceed with a reform of the kingdom.
Probably as a consequence of the troubles, in 1328 the priory petitioned the king to be exempted from the "clerical tenth" (a 10% tax on clerical property) and in 1344 it was granted permission to fortify its buildings.
In the empire, as elsewhere, the trend in ecclesiastical politics was toward state churches (Landeskirchen), in which governments, using "reform" as a pretext, gradually gained, while church authorities lost, a large measure of control over clerical properties, personnel, and functions.
A clerical mistake by the property tax administration in Washington, D.C., allowed U.S. Rep. Steve King to receive a tax credit intended for people whose district property serves as their permanent residence, the agency's director said Thursday.
The method was validated through examining link properties and clerical review of three samples of links.
A concurrent upsurge in religious and clerical sentiment took place.
After hours of silence in the state media, the government showed only images of protesters shouting "mar barg asl valayat-faqih" ("death to clerical leadership"), burning cars, and destroying property.
Selina Cadell as her brusquely clerical sister, Linda Bassett as her withered companion, Nicholas Le Prevost as the zealous property restorer and Peter Egan as the porn-broker provide excellent support.
But that ended with the rise of the liberals in the 1850s and indigenous president Benito Juárez, whose reform laws confiscated church properties, subordinated church courts to civilian authorities and prohibited priests from wearing clerical dress in public.
Charlemagne expanded clerical involvement in government by increasing the use of royal grants of immunity to bishops and abbots, which freed their properties from intervention by public authorities.
Computers displaced clerical workers.
