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The ataxic gait phenotype of AS is clearly recapitulated in mice deficient for Ube3a as demonstrated by rotarod performance, gait analysis, and cerebellar controlled licking behavior (Jiang et al., 1998; Miura et al., 2002; Heck et al., 2008).
Interestingly, the effect of such autoantibodies on the unliganded β1AR entailed stimulation of basal cAMP production, suggesting an overall bimodal effect, which was clearly recapitulated in the effect of such antibodies on the basal beat rate and the chronotropic isoproterenol response of human cardiomyocytes.
The bottom line is that the spike-in normalization gives data that are virtually indistinguishable from RPKM normalized data, and the dosage-compensation phenotype we previously reported in the NCYC110_Chr8 strain panel is clearly recapitulated in the new replicates normalized by spike-in controls.
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Not all mutations in mice clearly recapitulate the effects of disease-causing mutations in humans.
Hence, the Ltbp3 −/− mouse model clearly recapitulates the AI phenotype observed in our patients.
Although it has been proposed that Bax and Bak activation occurs by default as long as all of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are neutralized by BH3s, liposome studies clearly recapitulate the direct activation model in which tBid or BH3 domain peptides derived from Bid or Bim induce Bax or Bak oligomerization and membrane permeabilization.
Experimental studies in rodents and baboons recapitulated ECM alterations and clearly linked ECM remodeling to apoptosis, inflammation, and altered growth factor signaling [85, 87 91].
However, as to be expected for a simplified in vitro measurement, the binding distribution of the RNA polymerase open complex clearly does not directly recapitulate either known expression levels or biological timing for each of the respective lambda phage promoters.
Clearly it will be necessary to verify the degree to which changes in mRNA expression are recapitulated at the protein level.
Specifically, modulation of CD26 activity will affect chemotaxis, invasiveness, signal transduction, proliferation and recruitment of other immune cells; clearly, the interaction of these activities will be well orchestrated in vivo but unlikely to be recapitulated in assays in vitro.
Three of the four docking hits adopted crystallographic orientations that recapitulated the docking poses (48, 50, and 54) whereas the crystallographic and docking poses for fragment 44 clearly disagree.
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