Generally, that includes clearly defined methods and instructions for administration or responding, a standard format for data collection, and well-documented methods for scoring, analysis, and interpretation of results.
Prior to the recent NAEPP guidelines, no clearly defined method was published for assigning symptom control in cross-sectional studies.
Current design specifications and guides do not provide clearly defined analysis methods; therefore, there is a need for easily implemented preliminary analysis and accurate two-dimensional (2D) analysis methods.
Similarly, Peter Johansen praised Wheeler for systematising and professionalising Indian archaeology and for "instituting a clearly defined body of techniques and methods for field and laboratory work and training".
Possibly this is because there are no clearly defined guidelines or methods for determining whether patients are at risk.
Without clearly defining a method for excluding TB, "unexplained" stunting will be overestimated.
At Bletchley Park, Turing illustrated his ideas on machine intelligence by reference to chess a useful source of challenging and clearly defined problems against which proposed methods for problem solving could be tested.
But for those who do wish to accept the challenge, the Harvard project provides a clearly defined four-step method for inventing options (see sidebar).
A reason for this might be that the optimal way to delineate a tumour on PET is not clearly defined, resulting in variations in the methods for defining GTVpet.
Improved methods for data collection, clearly defined indicators of success, and well-maintained ongoing monitoring and evaluation systems are crucial for program planning and effective implementation (48, 66, 67).
Clearly defined criteria for an acceptable agreement between two methods have been lacking since the publication of Bland and Altman [ 16].
