Current studies rarely evaluate the peri-implant bone situation using a clearly defined measurement protocol and therefore are often sensitive to measuring errors.
If broader institutional reform is not on the cards for now, and the next set of global development goals must take the form chosen by the panel, then all targets should be clearly defined; measurement methods should be specified, and independent experts appointed for the monitoring of tasks.
The primary aims of this multicenter observational study were to 1) explore the efficacy and safety of palliative sedation therapy, and 2) identify the factors contributing to inadequate symptom relief and complications, using a prospective study design, clearly defined measurement methods, and a consecutive sample from 21 specialized palliative care units in Japan.
An additional factor is the development of a clearly defined measurement protocol, which appears lacking in the literature as the study currently employing CBCT as a means of determining root volume loss with maxillary expansion lacks a clearly defined measurement protocol involving incorrectly utilized Hounsfield units with the teeth of interest 'segmented cautiously' [24].
Over the past decade the understanding of pelvic kinematics during gait has increased despite a lack of clearly defined measurement standards.
First, insist on a set of clearly defined measures of success such as income growth, quality of housing, school enrollment, and nutrition for microcredit programs you support, and be willing to pay for the measurement.
This included selection bias (inadequate description of selection criteria [ 24, 25, 33 ] or sequence allocation [ 25, 28, 33 ]), performance bias (lack of detail about allocation concealment [ 25, 26 ]), and measurement bias (no clearly defined outcome measure [ 28 ]).
Due to using a clearly defined and proven measurement protocol, abnormalities were mainly caused by transcription errors and could be identified in the plotting step.
Such trials require baseline measurement, clearly defined primary outcomes, and have to be large enough to reliably detect the small to moderate effect sizes that are likely.
However, a clearly defined endpoint using repeated-measurements ANOVA with a size of 10 in each group provided significant and robust results.
