Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
clear causation
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "clear causation" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing a direct and unambiguous relationship between cause and effect in various contexts, such as scientific research or legal matters. Example: "The study provided clear causation between the increase in pollution levels and the rise in respiratory diseases in the population."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(20)
direct causal link
definite cause
clear notice
definite causality
clear reason
established cause
known reason
certain explanation
identifiable reason
specific factor
definite motivation
definite culprit
unequivocal cause
certain cause
tangible cause
substantial cause
definite consequence
definite issue
definite contributor
concrete cause
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
7 human-written examples
We have, at best, only correlations between a mother's lifestyle and her child's future health, not clear causation.
News & Media
In Dura Pharmaceuticals v Broudo, the court required plaintiffs to show clear causation between the actions of defendants and alleged shareholder losses.
News & Media
With a gasoline chemical, it seems as if there was a more clear causation: the companies did this, and, as a result, a very tangible thing happened.
News & Media
Quality of life among cancer patients was shown to correlate with psychosocial variables, whereas no clear causation was seen in the work of Shapiro and associates [ 35].
Science
Until larger randomized studies demonstrate clear causation, physicians prescribing testosterone therapy to elderly men with co-morbidities should use it prudently with close follow-up.
Science
Overall there appears to be a paucity of evidence on how postgraduate training in general practice (or lack of) may have a visible and negative impact on the safety of patients – arguably it may be impossible to ever demonstrate clear causation.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
53 human-written examples
The overall sense is of the war as a mass of coincidence rather than one with clear causations.
News & Media
Hume also makes clear that causation is the least understood of the associative principles, but he tells us, "we shall have occasion afterwards to examine it to the bottom" (T 1.1.4.2/11).
Science
Sorting between these alternative accounts is an empirically tractable issue, and researchers consider all these possibilities precisely because it is clear that causation is reciprocal.
Science
Instead he will try to pinpoint a clear chain of causation that leads someone to lose a sense of identity and then become fully radicalised.
News & Media
It's hard to draw a clear line of causation between health warnings and numbers smoking in a country, as they are usually introduced together with other measures such as tax increases and ad campaigns.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When aiming for scientific precision, supplement "clear causation" with specific details about the mechanism or pathway involved. Instead of just stating "there's clear causation", elaborate on how the cause leads to the effect, referencing supporting evidence.
Common error
Avoid assuming that because two events are correlated, there is "clear causation". Always rigorously establish the underlying mechanisms and rule out confounding variables to ensure the relationship is truly causal and not coincidental.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "clear causation" functions as a noun phrase. It refers to a relationship where the cause and effect are distinctly identifiable and directly linked. Ludwig AI shows its use in academic papers, news articles, and other forms of writing.
Frequent in
Science
40%
News & Media
30%
Academia
15%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
5%
Wiki
5%
Formal & Business
5%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "clear causation" denotes a direct and unambiguous relationship between a cause and an effect. As Ludwig AI indicates, this phrase is grammatically correct and appears in various contexts, including science, news, and academia. While not exceptionally common, its usage is generally formal or neutral, demanding precision and substantiated claims. When using "clear causation", it's crucial to avoid the common pitfall of confusing correlation with causation. Instead, ensure you can articulate the mechanism through which the cause leads to the effect. Alternatives like "unambiguous causality" or "evident causation" can offer similar meanings with nuanced emphasis.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
unambiguous causality
Replaces "clear" with "unambiguous" and "causation" with "causality", emphasizing lack of doubt in the causal relationship.
evident causation
Substitutes "clear" with "evident", highlighting the obvious nature of the causal link.
demonstrable cause-and-effect
Replaces "causation" with a more explicit "cause-and-effect", emphasizing the ability to show the connection.
direct causal link
Uses "direct causal link" to convey a straightforward and immediate connection between cause and effect.
obvious causal relationship
Replaces "clear" with "obvious" and "causation" with "causal relationship", indicating an easily perceived connection.
proven causality
Emphasizes that the causation has been established and verified.
established causation
Indicates that the causation is not new and has been confirmed or agreed upon.
well-defined cause
Focuses on the cause being clearly identified and understood rather than the causation itself.
explicit causal mechanism
Highlights the details of how the cause leads to the effect are known
definite causal connection
Uses "definite" to strengthen the certainty of the connection
FAQs
How is "clear causation" used in academic writing?
In academic writing, "clear causation" is used to assert a direct and demonstrable relationship between a cause and an effect. It's crucial to provide evidence and logical reasoning to support claims of "clear causation", differentiating it from mere correlation.
What are some alternatives to using "clear causation" in a sentence?
Depending on the context, you can use alternatives such as "unambiguous causality", "evident causation", or "demonstrable cause-and-effect" to convey a similar meaning with slightly different emphasis.
What does it mean when researchers say there is no "clear causation"?
When researchers state that there is no "clear causation", it means they haven't found enough evidence to establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the factors being studied. This could be due to confounding variables, reverse causation, or simply a lack of sufficient data.
How does "clear causation" differ from correlation?
"Clear causation" implies that one event directly causes another, while correlation simply indicates that two events occur together. Establishing "clear causation" requires demonstrating the mechanism through which the cause leads to the effect and ruling out other potential explanations.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested