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In this study, the samples were immersed in molten KOH solution at 633 K for 2 min, and then, the standard cleaning steps were used to clean the sample surface.
Samples were cleaned mechanically and followed by several ultrasonic cleaning steps, including one in a 1 1 mixture of 30%H2O2andnd 1% NaOH to hydrolyze organics, followed by an ultrasonic bath in 0.15 M HNO3 to remove potential surface contaminants (∼10% material loss).
Successive cleaning steps were analyzed and optimized.
No extra cleaning steps were applied after the ion etching.
For all reactions and cleaning steps ultrapure water was used.
An ion dose of 70 pA was adopted for final cleaning steps.
If the various cleaning steps are not carried out properly, irregularities on the glass may cause poor silanization.
A sequential dissolution test shows that 10Be concentrations decrease with the number of cleaning steps until reaching a constant value.
In practice, surface microstructures on glass are created by approaches based on photoresistant protection layer coating, lithography, etching and cleaning steps.
Similar(2)
The main disadvantage of the EBL technique is the need for etching and the organic-cleaning steps.
These differences cannot be simply ascribed to random genotyping errors, as these had already been filtered out by our initial HWE check and data-cleaning steps.
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